60 Years of Independence - Indias Achievements - Free Essay Example

60 years of Independence Indias achievements Contemporary India with a scientist President and an economist Prime Minister is very successfully treading the fast track of development Starting from an utterly ruined and exploited country under the rule of the haughty Britishers who sponged away the India wealth, the story of Indias success in the last 60 years, is one of the proverbial rise from rags to riches. Indias development within a short span of time, to the level of a country which on its own conducted nuclear test, joining the elite club of nuclear powers, and now becoming a rightful contender for getting a permanent seat in UN Security Council, speaks volumes about Indias success. Statistics and facts bear a testimony to this, that the country once thought to be just a place for the snake charmers is making its presence felt in the land of elephants. In fact, India is flourishing in the real sense, catching the imagination of the world and thus causing blinking of the eyes of westerners who are awestruck at the sudden metamorphosis of this sleeping giant. When Kanwal Sibal, a retired foreign secretary says, there is little doubt that India became a major player in the international checker board. It forced the world to engage with India on an entirely new basis, there is no exaggeration in it. The truth of this statement is vindicated by the Prime Minister of Singapore Lee Juan Yew, who says, China and India will shake the world†¦, and in terms of global corporate presence and representation, India is ahead of China. India has arrived on the world market with a bang five lakh engineers, 2. 5 lakh doctors and 75 lakh graduates. Goldman Sachs BRIC report sees India as the third largest economy in the world by 2050. Another report says that by 2020 only, India will be the fourth largest economy. All is going well for India now an improved investment climate, high economic growth, a young population (70% population below 34 years of ag e) and above all positive attitude of people. India is now among one of the best performing economies of the world in terms of annual growth rate of Grass Domestic Product. Mr. Kumar Mangalam Birla, Chairman Aditya Birla Group says, we have emerged stronger, fitter and a leader in many ways. I believe we are at an inflection point, past consolidation into a phase of growth not just incremental but accelerated. The fact that our foreign exchange reserve crossed 1 $ billion, reflects the growing confidence of investors in India. The companies of India netted over Rs. 70000 crore in exports when the global economy was seething in 2002-03. There are 16 companies whose exports net over Rs. 1000 crore, 15 companies exports goods worth Rs. 500 crore and 150 compnaies which earn over Rs. 100 crore in foreign exchange. The FORBES list has included 18 Indian companies under its list. Noting these positive developments, the US National Intelligence Council in its report has predicted tha t India will become global player in the 21st century. For the first time India has entered the ranks of the worlds tenth largest economies. The World Bank has described India as an Asian Giant and its report mentions This country rose form 12th to 10th in dollar term between 2002-04, its G. D. P. overtaking Korea and Mexico. The economy of India has grown by more than 7% in the past two years. Apart from economic advancement, the performance of India in political sphere is also praiseworthy. The present Prime Minister of India Mr. Manmohan Singh has successfully come from two foreign trips. In France the Prime Minister very competently leveraged Indias new economic clout into advancing the vital strategic objective of breaking the restrictive Nuclear Suppliers Groups. In US, he very intelligently coaxed President Bush to work for giving legal status to India in the nuclear powers club, in return of giving, voluntary right of inspection of only the civilian nuclear facilities to the international atomic watchdog I. A. E. A. Those who allege India to have become a party to the US unilateralism in view of Indias voting in Irans case, alongside U. S. , must remember that India remained on its principle and didnt join US on its war against Iraq inspite of enormous US pressure. It out-rightly rejected this proposal. This bears ample proof that India has its independent foreign policy. It has matured politically and has now become very realistic in its approach. It takes decision according to whichever way suits best for the national interest. Now there is no place for misplaced idealism or shibboleth of third worldism. Showing utmost political maturity, India shoved aside decades of sloth and signed major agreement with China a country earlier thought of as a backstabber and talk with it was a big no. Our country has now refused to be trapped hopelessly in the remains of a bad yesterday, proving once again that this is a nation hardened by history, that it suffers only to renew itself the other day and that it keeps pace with the changing needs so as to be in consonance with the ever changing time. Talks with Pakistan, restoration of the Muzaffarabad bus service, the historic exchange of prisoners etc are the cases in point. Another important factor which radiates the flourishing of India is its successful and smooth functioning of democracy. Right from its start, it allowed Universal Adult Franchise, a unique achievement in itself. Many scholars at that time predicted that a country as poor, illiterate and diverse as India, could not survive on Universal Adult Franchise but succeeding years proved then wrong. These days the general election in India is the largest organized human event in history so much so that Indian Election experts are invited by America. Inspite of being not very affluent, the wisdom of Indian electorate has been proven time and again. The Economist of London has very rightly made an apt comment regarding In dian electorate that, the Indians have more political wisdom per thousand calories than any other people. Prof Lani Gunier of Havard Law school says, The best barometer to measure the health of a society is to look at the condition of its minorities who are like the coal minors canary†¦, the first to notice toxic gases in coal mines. Seeing with this perspective also, Indians electroates performance is quite good. They discarded the NDA under whose aegis Gujrat cauldron of 2002 took place, not with landing the hooplah of India shining. Communal forces have been out-rightly discarded and secularism is on its hold. At present the sovereign head of India is a Muslim and the Prime Minister is a Sikh both from minority community. Social conditions are also developing fastly. The number of middle class enjoying a good standard of living is growing at a rapid pace. The hope for an egalitarian society is fulfilling its dream as today we have 13% scheduled caste grade I officers in the I. A. S. climbing from less than 1% in the early 50s. The Indian diaspora with their commitment and hardwork are also making India proud. The per capita availability of grain and cloth is greater than before and health care is better. Now even foreigners are coming to India for cheaper medical treatment. Today India is for more integrated than it was at 1947. Problems do occur but have resulted in stronger identities and a larger Indian consciousness. Nativism is now giving place to Indianism. Disasters and calamities do not dumbstruck us. We have defiantly faced the havocs of nature like the Earthquake or Tsunami on national level. The whole country unites as a family in giving succour and solace to the victims. In the field of education also, India is progressing. The literacy rate in 2001 reached 64. 8% from 52. 21% in 1991. This increase of 12. 5% during this period is the highest increase in any decade. It is also an achievement that the rate of growth in literacy is more in rural areas than in urban areas. The gap in male female literacy rate has decreased from 24. 84% in 1991 to 21. 60 in 2001. In higher studies the IITs AIIMS and IIMs of India could compete with the best institutions of the world. Recently Times Higher Education Supplement ranked the IITs as 3rd in all Technological Universities of the world. Seeing the enormous talent of Indian students the European Union has announced 100 Erasmus Mundus Scholarship for Indians students which was previously offered to European students only. In scientific, technological and bio medical research India has made a mark. The launching of EDUSAT a satellite purely for educational purposes marks a great lead forward in the area of satellite education. Space technology has also got a boost. Culturally India is witnessing a great renaissance. Indian music, dance and various performing art have blossomed in the last 50 years. Now these have greater audience and their appeal is becoming univers al. Language of India has seen resurgence. Indian writing in English, like that of Arundhati Roy, Jhumpa Lahiri etc has been acclaimed in the English speaking world. In the field of sports and entertainment also India is shining. Sania Mirza, Lender Paes, Sachin Tendulkar, Vishwanath Anand and Shekhar Kapoor, Amitabh Bacchan, Aishwarya Rai, Shah Rukh Khan are the bright Indian faces in the world arena. All the above mentioned points emphatically proves that Indias achievement in the last 60 years has been commendable.

The Different Affects of Drug Abuse Among Genders - 783 Words

As seen in Long Days Journey into Night by Eugene O’Neill, drug abuse affects women and men differently. Mary Tyrone seems to be affected mentally by her morphine addiction, whereas the men, Tyrone, Jamie, Edmund, in the household appear to be affected physically by their alcohol addiction. Cynthia Robbins’s â€Å"Sex Differences in Psychosocial Consequences of Alcohol and Drug Abuse† supports the different effects of drug abuse among men and women. She examines three different hypotheses concerning gender differences in the impact of alcohol and drug abuse. She claims that the generalized view of women being more vulnerable lies on physical vulnerability, social control and labeling, and internalized sex role norms. In addition, she offers a style of deviance perspective, which suggests that women are more vulnerable to adverse intrapsychic consequences of substance abuse, but that men are more vulnerable to certain behavioral and interpersonal consequences. Ger ardine Meaney’s article also focuses on the generalized view of women and men, specifically of Mary and Tyrone in the play. Drug abuse and alcohol abuse are expected to have worse consequences for women than for men based on biological differences and societal role expectations for men and women. The biological argument is that women metabolize alcohol at a different rate because of their lower ratio of water to body weight. Social role expectations exist because of the strong social disapproval of intoxication and drugShow MoreRelatedSubstance Abuse During The 20th Century1422 Words   |  6 Pages Substance Abuse in Women Description of the Group Towards the end of the 20th century, most of the studies focusing on substance abuse focused on the needs of men. This means that the percentage of women affected by substance abuse remained unknown for several decades. In the recent past, studies have been done to analyze the psychological, health, and economic challenges affecting women who abuse different substances (National Institute of Drug Abuse, 2015). This marginalized groupRead MoreSubstance Abuse Paper1198 Words   |  5 PagesSubstance abuse is one of the most common comorbid conditions among individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia (Schwartz et al., 2007). Previous studies have shown that nicotine, alcohol, and cannabis were the most frequently used substances in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia, followed by cocaine and amphetamine. Individuals with substance use disorders have negative long-term outcomes and poorer overall quality of life. Researchers suggest that substance abuse complicates individuals withRea d MoreHca/250 Final Essay1585 Words   |  7 PagesSubstance abuse is a very widely known public epidemic in todays society. Many people are unfortunately plagued by this issue. 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According to the latest statistics conducted by Health Social Care Information Centre (2013), 17 % of pupils in the UK have tried illicit drugs in 2012, indicates the constant decrease in the prevalence since 2001, but it could be the tip of an iceberg and more school-childrenRead MoreChild Sexual Abuse Is A Problem That Affects People Around The Globe Essay1368 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Child abuse or maltreatment is a problem that affects people around the globe. â€Å"In every country, studies have established a prevalence of abuse far exceeding the scope of the problem that would be inferred from the number of cases that were officially reported† (Finkelhor, 1984). While there are different forms of child abuse or maltreatment which include physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse and child neglect, sexual abuse is the most common form. The scope of this paper willRead MoreThe Effects Of Drug Addiction On Children1506 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction When an individual is struggling with drug addiction problems, the family is affected physically, mentally, and emotionally. The disease not only changes the addict’s whole life, but it changes the lives of their family members as parents get torn apart from themselves and each other. The role of each family member begins to shape around what is in the best interest of the addict. This research paper is an overview of the effects that raising a drug addicted child has on parent’s ability toRead MoreDetrimental Social Problems: Substance Abuse Essays1197 Words   |  5 PagesSubstance abuse is one of the most detrimental social problems found in all societies. It has been the leading cause for generational breakdowns of families and communities, and is probably the most controversial social problem when developing corrective solutions. Substance abuse can be defined as the chemical dependence, or pattern of usage of both legal and illegal substances, that has adverse physical, psychological, and psychomotor effects on the human body. The use of substances does not always

The Museum Of Fine Art - 1022 Words

The Museum of Fine Art in Houston, Texas has a variety of art collections. To be precise, the canopic jar is mounted on a large pedestal among other sculptures. This Canopic Jar was made in Egypt during the dynasty XXVI, 664-525 B.C. It was made from limestone. The jar was masterfully carved from stone and subsequently painted over. It is a historical masterpiece and it is relatively in good condition. Such stone jars were used to house the organs of the deceased. Their organs were put in these canopic jars during the mummification process. The lids of these stone jars have a human face. The faces were carved to represent the four sons of the god Horus. The three-dimensional jar is solid and quite large. It is well displayed in a spacious environment. The lid of the jar is organic due to the life-like face that stares back at the viewer. The rest of the jar is cylindrical with graceful proportions. The size of the jar interpenetrates with the surrounding space. It turns in space and it was meant to be viewed from several points of view. Its cylindrical nature makes the viewer’s eye wander all around its form to take in its splendor. Contour lines have been used to make the gentle outline of the jar, giving it a closed silhouette. The dominant linear elements have been incised on the surface of the jar. Beautifully crafted hieroglyphic inscriptions can be seen on the middle of the jar. The contour outline of the jar makes it have a volumetric presence. There are traces ofShow MoreRelatedThe Museum Of Fine Arts751 Words   |  4 PagesDear to whom it may concern in Museum of Fine Arts (MFA) Boston I am writing to you to express my interest in the job opportunity â€Å"Terrace Research Associate in Egyptian Art† in the Department of Art of the Ancient World, one of open staff positions in Museum of Fine Arts (MFA) Boston next Summer. 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The variety was very helpful and the process to narrow down the search of a painting of my choice became less difficult. The painting that I choose was made by an American artist named Stuart Davis Untitled (Black and White Variation on Windshield Mirror). Davis’s painting was extremely peculiar and I wanted to further examine its propertiesRead MoreThe Museum Of Fine Arts1398 Words   |  6 Pages Like many other places in South Boston, the Museum of Fine Arts and History is deceptively small, but musty and brimming with reminiscence of times past. Squatting on the curb of the downtown road since 1993, the museum belies its significance. Composed of plain red brick atop a sheet of cracked pavement, it is as humble as any house along the road. The first step into the museum greets the patron with a wave of chilly air that totes along whiffs of dust and undertones of the aged burgundy rugRead MoreThe Museum Of Fine Arts1511 Words   |  7 Pagesexpress the culture of a region or a country. Therefore, art has played a very important role throughout history. When talking about art, the first thing that comes to most people’s mind is probably that art is a painting or it is a sculpture. However, art has many forms of expression, and it closely connects to human’s daily life. Besides paintings and sculptures, art is everywhere around us. I am always interested in how people have linked art with daily life throughout history. For this reason, theRead MoreThe Museum Of Fine Arts1523 Words   |  7 Pagesexpress the culture of a region or a country. Therefore, art has played a very important role throughout history. When talking about art, the first thing that comes to most people’s minds is probably that a rt is a painting or it is a sculpture. However, art has many forms of expression, and it closely connects to human’s daily life. Besides paintings and sculptures, art is everywhere around us. 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Construction Law Issues-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Advise to Chief Estates Officer of Camford University offering JCT 2016 contractual, legal and case law advice. How should the University proceed in relation to the problems outlined in the case study. Answer: Construction Law Issues The contractor is in breach of contract as to the completion date by the occasioned delay. The date of completion within which the halls of residence were to be ready for occupation was written down in the contract document making it a term in the contract. Failure to complete within the stipulated time is a breach of contract. The contractor is liable in the circumstances to pay damages that are determined to be reasonable as the rate was never fixed in the agreement. Under clause 8.8 of JCT, the employer has the right to decide not to complete and terminate the contract. The Chief estates officer should therefore issue a notice to complete to the contractor. Where the contractor does not complete even after a notice to complete has been issued, the Chief Estates Officer can claim damages for breach of contract. Clause 2.5 of JCT allows for deferment of possession for completion to be finalized (Graafar Perry, 2009, p. 34). However, extension of time can be justified due to changes in weather conditions which made performance of the contract difficult and leading to frustration. Uncertainty or unpredictability of weather conditions are outside the control of the parties to the contract. It adds to the frequency of delays and claims for delays. As a result, it leads to matters of human fallibility. Changes in weather especially cold weather will affect the drying of cement since it cannot proceed below a given temperature. A delay especially on the concrete frame and foundations is most likely to slow the rate of work and impact greatly on the completion date. There have also been discovery of antiquities which have slowed down the rate of performance and has a bearing on the completion date of the contract. The effect of antiquities is the suspension and delay in carrying out of works. The contractor should give directions on the way forward regarding the preservation of the antiquities. Antiquities are categorized under the unknown physical conditions. Relief for delay caused by antiquities is provided for under clause 2.10.5.1 of the JCT Works Contract. Change in circumstances where the University introduced changes to the security and communications system way into the performance period thus introducing a material alteration that is likely to delay the project. These are grounds that can justify an extension and defeat the payment of any damages as a result of breach of contract. All the factors discussed above are likely to necessitate extension of time. In Carillion Construction Ltd v Woods Bagot Europe Ltd Ors [2016] EWHC 905 (TCC) (28 April 2016), the issue was Whether an extension of time should run contiguously from the existing date for completion and whether the contractor's agreement with the employer concerning its liability for liquidated damages under a building contract extinguished its liability, thereby preventing a claim against its sub-contractors. It was held that and extension of time should be added contiguously and that the contractors liability to the employer was not extinguished (Grunberg et al, 2007, p. 71). The letter of intent does not bind the parties. It is not the main contractual document but just ancillary. The letter ignored critical elements of the contract such as consideration and therefore does not constitute an agreement between the parties. Clause 3.12 of JCT does not recognize instructions other than those reduced into writing. Parties should therefore conclude negotiations and execute the main contract that contains all their rights and responsibilities under the contract. The contractor has failed to comply with the terms of the contract requiring a 10% performance bond from the construction company. The company had a duty to arrange for the contractor to provide a performance bond which they have breached as required under clause 7.3 of JCT. They are liable to provide the 10% performance bond on their own account if they fail to have the contactor provide it. The subcontractor is also in breach of contract by failing to fill and sign the collateral warranty forms. The contractor has an obligation to insure as provided for under clause 6.15 of JCT. This is a breach of duty on part of the sub- contractor and an attempt to avoid liability in case of breach of contract by the contractor or in case any injury occurring at the construction site (Hinze, 2000, p. 43). The errors between the drawings, specifications and the bills of quantities are a fundamental breach of contract for which the University can claim payment of damages. They introduce fundamental changes on the initial contract which have the effect on cost as the university will need to spend more in obtaining materials to cater for the changes made. Where there is an error in the bill of quantities that is exaggerated, the quantity surveyor is liable to the extent with which the quantities are excess or less. He is liable in such circumstances to account for the excess or provide the deficit from his own account. There are laid down procedures under schedule 2 of JCT on the procedures to vary the contract. In Finesse Group Ltd v Bryson Products (A Firm)[2013] EWHC 3273 (TCC), the court forced parties to scale down cost budgets or the court exercises its discretion in imposing a fixed proportionate costs. The site manager should be present at the site to supervise and ensure that the work is done according to specifications. Failing to be present at all times at the construction site is an act of negligence which the University can seek to hold him liable in case of any defect that occurs in the construction works. In SABIC UK Petrochemicals Limited v Punj Lloyd Limited[2013] EWHC 2916 (TCC), courts held that failure to exercise due diligence can be a ground for termination of a contract (Hughes et al, 2015, p. 18). In case there is likely to be a delay, the contractor should notify the University as required by clause 2.27 of JCT. References Gaafar, H. K., Perry, J. G. (2009) Limitation of design liability for contractorsInternational Journal of Project Management,17(5), 301-308 Gruneberg, S., Hughes, W., Ancell, D. (2007) Risk under performance?based contracting in the UK construction sectorConstruction Management and Economics,25(7), 691-699. Hinze, J. (2000).Construction contracts McGraw-Hill Science/Engineering/Math Hughes, W., Champion, R., Murdoch, J. (2015)Construction contracts: law and management. Routledg